Everything about Frederic Church totally explained
Frederic Edwin Church (
May 4,
1826 –
April 7,
1900) was an
American landscape painter born in
Hartford, Connecticut. He was a central figure in the
Hudson River School of American
landscape painters. While committed to the natural sciences, he was "always concerned with including a spiritual dimension in his works".
The wealth of Church's father allowed him to pursue his interest in art from a very early age. At eighteen years of age, Church became the pupil of
Thomas Cole in
Catskill, New York after Daniel Wadsworth, a family neighbor and founder of the Wadsworth Atheneum, intoduced the two. In May of 1848, Church was elected as the youngest Associate of the
National Academy of Design and was promoted to Academician the following year. Soon after, he sold his first major work to
Hartford's Wadsworth Atheneum.
Church settled in
New York where he taught his first pupil,
William James Stillman. From the spring to autumn each year Church would travel, often by foot,
sketching. He returned each winter to paint and to sell his work.
Between 1853 and 1857, Church traveled in
South America, financed by businessman
Cyrus West Field, who wished to use Church's paintings to lure investors to his South American ventures. Church was inspired by the Prussian explorer
Alexander von Humboldt's
Cosmos and his exploration of the continent; Humboldt had challenged artists to portray the "physiognomy" of the
Andes.
Two years after returning to America, Church painted
The Heart of the Andes (1859), now in the collection of the
Metropolitan Museum of Art, at the Tenth Street Studio in New York City. It is more than five feet high and nearly ten feet in length (167.9 × 302.9 cm). Church unveiled the painting to an astonished public in New York City in 1859. The painting's frame had drawn curtains fitted to it, creating the illusion of a view out a window. The audience sat on benches to view the piece and Church strategically darkened the room, but spotlighted the landscape painting. Church also brought plants from a past trip to South America to heighten the viewers' experience. The public were charged admission and provided with opera glasses to examine the painting's details. The work was an instant success. Church eventually sold it for $10,000, at that time the highest price ever paid for a work by a living American artist.
Church showed his paintings at the annual exhibitions of the
National Academy of Design, the
American Art Union, and at the
Boston Art Club, alongside
Thomas Cole,
Asher Brown Durand,
John F. Kensett, and
Jasper F. Cropsey. Critics and collectors appreciated the new art of landscape on display, and its progenitors came be to called the
Hudson River School.
In 1860 Church bought a farm in
Hudson, New York and married Isabel Carnes. Both Church's first son and daughter died in March, 1865 of
diphtheria, but he and his wife started a new family with the birth of Frederic Joseph in 1866. When he and his wife had a family of four children, they began to travel together. In 1867 they visited
Europe and the
Middle East, allowing Church to return to painting larger works.
Before leaving on that trip, Church purchased the eighteen acres (73,000 m²) on the hilltop above his Hudson farm—land he'd long wanted because of its magnificent views of the
Hudson River and the
Catskills. In 1870 he began the construction of a Persian-inspired mansion on the hilltop and the family moved into the home in the summer of 1872.
Richard Morris Hunt was the architect for Cosy Cottage at Olana, and was consulted early on in the plans for the mansion, but after the Church's trip to Europe and what is now Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, Syria, Jordan and Egypt, the English architect Calvert Vaux was hired to complete the project. Church was deeply involved in the process, even completing his own architectural sketches for its design. This highly personal and eclectic castle incorporated many of the design ideas that he'd acquired during his travels.
Olana State Historic Site is now owned and operated by the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation, Taconic Region and receives extensive support from The Olana Partnership, a private, non-profit organization.
The main house is open to the public for guided tours. A visitor center offers a film and panel exhibit as well as a Museum Shop, operated by The Olana Partnership, offering books and many items inspired by the exotic locales of Church’s travels and paintings. The grounds are open year-round, 8am-sunset, for hiking, picnicking, snowshoeing or just enjoying the view.
Works
Among Church's paintings are:
Further Information
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